@Bacco you have any insight here sir?
That's an argument i would like do gigantic post about, but kinda busy day at work, so will just drop some random points
Tricky part is give a single answer to a question that cover 2000 years with different situations, so essentially are bunch of answers
Beside the fact on reality it's not like modern italian "lost" these values... more like ancient romans themselves lost these values
You can bet your own ass early romans would have been horrofied (and for good reason history will proof) by the way late romans allowed the barbarization of the army (from northern people while at it), but wealth, entitlement and comforts are hell of a drug
But skipping after Rome's fall wich would take a thread itself
Most interesting point imho it's probably jump to medieval/Renaissance times and notice how Rome's inheritance generated both the fortune and the curse of italy
Rome gave us lot of "big" cities... these cities created LOT of wealth, but at same time gave italians a culture of consider their city the main centre of power
Watch this shit lol
Back in these days if you could magically turn that shit into one single country ruled by one single strong hand, you would have got an immense force under basically any measurable value of that time
I'm not even debate what could have achieved, but just to drop something Venice alone at some point was like
But tricky part is WE would think something like this with the concept of "Italy" in mind, italians back then did not
It's false there was'nt the concept of "italians" or better italic people in ancient world, in fact at some point of Rome's expansion it was used to declare who could join roman legions, but there was'nt the concept that they should unify and have one King/Emperor (after Rome days)
Actually most of times italians were at war... with italians, usually the ones of closest big city that today we would reach in 30min of car lol
There's popular historical fact of Holy Roman Emperor Barbarossa coming down from Germany to destroy Milan and exile it's people, then milanese people rebuilding the city and with other local minor cities winning as underdogs the second war, kicking the emperor back home (Rocky1 and Rocky2 basically)
This is true and all, but key funny part is italian cities close to Milan were the ones who asked the german emperor to come and destroy Milan (fighting at his side), actually were very same cities who got the duty of actually destroy the city
Then (and here come best part lol) same italian cities realized they did'nt liked Milan (biggest bully of the neighborhood) but liked even less the Emperor
So they went like
"yo Milan whatsupp"
"Eh exiled, life sucks"
"about that sorry for calling germany emperor to destroy your city, HE's an asshole"
"..."
"what if i help you build back the city and then we ally (will not backstab you i promise) if emperor come back?"
"ok, totally reasonable plan"
And for some reason it even worked lol
Ironically cities even after making war and winning against the Emperor did'nt even splitted from HRE, just obtained an agreement where basically they had full autonomy and on return would swear refreshed loyalty to the Emperor (basically same kind of shit declining Rome had with local rulers in "roman" areas could no longer truly control)
This had simple reason, wich is greed
Local italian rulers would have lost everything (or a lot anyway) with a single big kingdom, so it's born a culture of divide the power as much as possible with lasted for centuries
Modern days would take another post again, but just to add some things that may not be much known
Italy went decadent at some point
When unification happened all the wealth and potential of previous centuries was gone
New commercial routes in the oceans made Mediterranean sea ever less relevant, and we were very late on industrialization process when became main factor for euro countries/war potential
To give perspective not only Italy was considered the lowest of euro big powers, but second worse Austria would still be able to produce 3 tons of steel for each 1 we did
For reasons of military fails beside weak industry and cheap equipment you can point that at high levels (the organization structure of power, officials etc) we had the absolute worst war culture and mindset.
Since unification whole late 800 up to 900, almost zero meritocracy, war was handled by bunch of rich cunts usually with aristocratic blood that had no skills, super antiquated "tactics" and who saw war as some sort of game to gain personal political prestige.
So you would have shit like WW1 where some young rich cunt with zero experience would order thousands and thousands of italian soldier to "chaarge!" up an useless hill where far inferior number of austrians had lot machine guns and turrets, with the result at the end of the day if the rich cunt was lucky he had more italian soldiers to sacrify than austrians had bullets and he could triumphally write a letter to his superiors to saying "i conquered the hill! (15k men died)"... and would get congratulations, if not promoted lol
WW2 for 99 reasons was that and much more
Most sad part is that under the meme style perspective that history ever take in common culture, italian soldiers are the ones that took most shame for all these fails, when on reality if was'nt for their effort Italy military fails would have been even bigger and faster