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(1) When and where was the Battle of Britain?
(2) Which battle is generally considered to have secured Scottish independence?
(3) Which battle crushed Napoleon?
(4) Which two battles turned the tide of World War Two on the Eastern Front? (4 marks available)
(5) Which battle halted the Muslim advance into Western Europe?
(6) What was the only major naval battle of World War One?
(7) When did Constantinople fall? (1 mark available)
(8) Which battle is generally referred to as the decisive battle of the Norman Conquest?
(9) Which battle halted the Muslim advance into Eastern/Central Europe?
(10) Which battle turned the tide of the Hundred Years' War?
(1) This was an air battle between the British and foreign volunteers, and the Luftwaffe, over south east England and the English channel from July till October 1940. The British won.
(2) In 1314 the Scottish forces under Robert the Bruce defeated the English, Irish and Welsh forces (also with some Scots) under Edward II at Bannockburn, outside Stirling in central Scotland. The Scottish Wars of Independence ended in 1357 so Bannockburn's importance is usually overstated.
(3) Napoleon's French Army was defeated by British, Dutch and German forces, under the command of the Duke of Wellington and Field Marshal von Blücher, at Waterloo in Belgium in 1815. Waterloo was in the Netherlands then. Napoleon abdicated for the second and last time four days later.
(4) Stalingrad (August 1942 - February 1943) and Kursk (July - August 1943), both in south western Russia (part of the USSR at the time)
(5) The French and Aquitanian armies, led by Charles Martel, defeated the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, led by Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, at the Battle of Tours in 732. Tours is about 140 miles south west of Paris.
(6) The British Grand Fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, encountered the German High Seas Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, at the Battle of Jutland, west of northern Denmark on the 31st of May and the 1st of June 1916. The battle is officially considered to have been inconclusive but seems to have been a British victory to me.
(7) Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottomans in 1453. The Byzantine forces were commanded by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and the Ottomans by Sultan Mehmed II. Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire and was renamed to Istanbul in 1930.
(8) The Battle of Hastings (south east England), 1066. Resistance to the Normans, sometimes with outside help, continued for ten years.
(9) The Ottoman forces under Sultan Mehmed IV were defeated by the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire, under King John III Sobieski, at Vienna in 1683.
(10) The English and Burgundian forces, commanded by the Earl of Salisbury, and the Earl of Suffolk after he died of wounds, were defeated by French and Scottish forces at the Siege of Orleans, which lasted from October 1428 till May 1429. Orleans is about 75 miles south west of Paris. The besieged French forces were commanded by Jean de Dunois and the relieving army was commanded by John II, Duke D'Alençon with the assistance of Joan of Arc, who was burned at the stake two years later. The siege was complex and it is not easy to name one overall commander for the French. Gilles de Rais participated in the battle as a senior commander on the French side. He was executed by burning and hanging in 1440 for killing an unknown number of children, generally thought to be at least 100.
(2) In 1314 the Scottish forces under Robert the Bruce defeated the English, Irish and Welsh forces (also with some Scots) under Edward II at Bannockburn, outside Stirling in central Scotland. The Scottish Wars of Independence ended in 1357 so Bannockburn's importance is usually overstated.
(3) Napoleon's French Army was defeated by British, Dutch and German forces, under the command of the Duke of Wellington and Field Marshal von Blücher, at Waterloo in Belgium in 1815. Waterloo was in the Netherlands then. Napoleon abdicated for the second and last time four days later.
(4) Stalingrad (August 1942 - February 1943) and Kursk (July - August 1943), both in south western Russia (part of the USSR at the time)
(5) The French and Aquitanian armies, led by Charles Martel, defeated the forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, led by Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, at the Battle of Tours in 732. Tours is about 140 miles south west of Paris.
(6) The British Grand Fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, encountered the German High Seas Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, at the Battle of Jutland, west of northern Denmark on the 31st of May and the 1st of June 1916. The battle is officially considered to have been inconclusive but seems to have been a British victory to me.
(7) Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was captured by the Ottomans in 1453. The Byzantine forces were commanded by Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos and the Ottomans by Sultan Mehmed II. Constantinople became the capital of the Ottoman Empire and was renamed to Istanbul in 1930.
(8) The Battle of Hastings (south east England), 1066. Resistance to the Normans, sometimes with outside help, continued for ten years.
(9) The Ottoman forces under Sultan Mehmed IV were defeated by the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire, under King John III Sobieski, at Vienna in 1683.
(10) The English and Burgundian forces, commanded by the Earl of Salisbury, and the Earl of Suffolk after he died of wounds, were defeated by French and Scottish forces at the Siege of Orleans, which lasted from October 1428 till May 1429. Orleans is about 75 miles south west of Paris. The besieged French forces were commanded by Jean de Dunois and the relieving army was commanded by John II, Duke D'Alençon with the assistance of Joan of Arc, who was burned at the stake two years later. The siege was complex and it is not easy to name one overall commander for the French. Gilles de Rais participated in the battle as a senior commander on the French side. He was executed by burning and hanging in 1440 for killing an unknown number of children, generally thought to be at least 100.
You can have one mark for the place and another for the year(s) so the maximum score is 21. When a battle started in one year and ended in the next you get the mark for naming either year. You can't expect the general public to know the years of most of them though so the pass mark is 5.
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