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The first militia act of 1792 literally is about defending the nation.
The people are also the militia. Not just the state or federal regulated ones. As in you could as last resort become your own militia to fight tyranny. There is early writings by founders and supreme court that support this.
Yet, their deliberations are overwhelmingly about giving the states, particularly slave owning states, the right to regulate their militias in their chosen fashion. This was an appeal to the slave owners like Henry and Mason, where Madison was telling them they will still have the power to hunt slaves and put down revolts as they see fit.
The second amendment's power to enforce state power on US citizens was soon put into practice, with militias putting down several rebellions, usually about taxation.
The framers made it clear: fight for the USA against who we deem insurrectionists and you're good, fight against the US and the militias will be used on you.